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Malaria Treatment References

1a. Water disinfection for international and wilderness travelers.
Backer H
Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Feb 1;34(3):355-64

3a. Current status of malaria control.
Tripathi RP, Mishra RC, Dwivedi N, Tewari N, Verma SS
Curr Med Chem. 2005;12(22):2643-59

3b. Current status and progresses made in malaria chemotherapy.
Linares GE, Rodriguez JB
Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(3):289-314

3c. [various articles]
JAMA May23/30,2007 297(20)

3d. Malaria – Stopping a Global Killer.
Bedlam in the Blood – Malaria.
Finkel M, Stanmeyer J
National Geographic, Jul 2007, pp32-67

3e. An overview of chemotherapeutic targets
for antimalarial drug discovery.
Olliaro PL, Yuthavong Y
Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Feb;81(2):91-110

4a. Chlorine Oxygen Acids and Salts: Chlorine Dioxide.
Robson HL
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 5,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2nd Ed. 1964 pp35-50

4b. The Chemistry of Chlorine Dioxide.
Gordon G, Kieffer RG, Rosenblatt DH
Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Vol 15,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1972 pp 201-286

4c. From Laboratory Curiosity to Heavy Chemical.
Rapson WH
Chemistry in Canada, 18:25-31, 1966

4d. Chlorine Dioxide: Chemical and Physical Properties.
Rosenblatt DH pp 332-343 in:
Ozone/Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation Products of Organic Materials.
Rice RG, Cotruvo JA editors,
International Ozone Institute & USEPA,
Ozone Press International, 1978

4e. Chlorine Dioxide: An Overview of its Preparation,
Properties and Uses
Gall RJ pp 356-382 in:
Ozone/Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation Products of Organic Materials.
Rice RG, Cotruvo JA editors,
International Ozone Institute & USEPA,
Ozone Press International, 1978

4f. Inorganic Chemistry.
Thorne PCL, Roberts ER
pp 368-371, 386-388
Interscience Publishers, Inc. 1949

4g. Introduction To Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.
Durrant PJ, Durrant B
pp 937-942
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

4h. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry – A Comprehensive Text.
Cotton FA, Wilkinson G
pp 473-478
Interscience Publishers,

4i. Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry.
Brown GI
pp 292-295
Longman

4j. Inorganic Chemistry An Advanced Textbook.
Moeller T
pp 432-433,438-443
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

4k. Inorganic Chemistry A Guide To Advanced Study. 3rd Ed.
Heslop RB, Robinson PL
pp 528-533
Elsevier Publishing Company, 1967,

4L. Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry.
Douglas BE, McDaniel DH
pp 191-192
Blaisdell Publishing Company

4m. Encyclopedia of Science and Technology.
article regarding “chlorine”
p 99
McGraw-Hill

4n. The Chemical Elements And Their Compounds. Volume II.
Sidgwick NV
pp 1202-1207, 1224-1225
Oxford At The Clarendon Press

4o. Van Nostrand’s Encyclopedia of Chemistry. 5th Edition.
Considine GD
article regarding “chlorine”
pp 371-372
Wiley-Interscience

4p. Inorganic Chemistry
Sharpe AG
pp 419-423
Longman Scientific & Technical

4q. Concise Inorganic Chemistry. 4th Edition.
Lee JD
pp 609-620
Chapman & Hall

4r. Comparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd Edition.
Moody B
pp 409-411,416,433-439
Edward Arnold

4s. The Chemistry of the Non-Metals
Jolly WL
pp 38-40
Prentice-Hall, Inc.

4t. Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants
EPA Guidance Manual, April 1999,
4.1 Chlorine Dioxide Chemistry, pp 4-1 to 4-13

4u. Oxidation of Formaldehyde by Chlorite
in Basic and Slightly Acidic Media.
Chinake C, Olojo O, Simoyi RH
J Phys Chem A, 102 (3), 606-611, 1998

4v. General-Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Hypochlorous Acid
and Acetyl Hypochlorite with Chlorite Ion.
Zhongjiang Jia, Dale W. Margerum,* and Joseph S. Francisco
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,
Indiana 47907 Received December 28, 1999

4w. Disproportionation of Chlorous Acid at a Strong Acidity.
Ni Y, Yin G
Ind Eng Chem Res, 1998, 37(6):2367-2372

4x. Kinetics and mechanism of chloride based chlorine
dioxide generation process from acidic sodium chlorate.
Deshwal BR, Lee HK
J Hazard Mater. 2004 May 20;108(3):173-82

4y. New pathways for chlorine dioxide decomposition
in basic solution.
Odeh IN, Francisco JS, Margerum DW
Inorg Chem. 2002 Dec 2;41(24):6500-6

4z. Kinetics and mechanisms of aqueous chlorine reactions
with chlorite ion in the presence of chloride ion and
acetic acid/acetate buffer.
Nicoson JS, Margerum DW
Inorg Chem. 2002 Jan 28;41(2):342-7

4aa. Kinetics and mechanism of catalytic decomposition and
oxidation of chlorine dioxide by the hypochlorite ion.
Csordy V, Bubnis B, FyyI, Gordon G
Inorg Chem. 2001 Apr 9;40(8):1833-6

4bb. General-acid-catalyzed reactions of hypochlorous acid
and acetyl hypochlorite with chlorite ion.
Jia Z, Margerum DW, Francisco JS
Inorg Chem. 2000 Jun 12;39(12):2614-20

4cc. Mechanism of Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorate Ion Formation
from the Reaction of Hypobromous Acid and Chlorite Ion.
Furman CS, Margerum DW
Inorg Chem. 1998 Aug 24;37(17):4321-4327

4dd. The Three-Electron Bond in Chlorine Dioxide.
Brockway LO
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1933 Mar;19(3):303-7

4ee. Toxicological Review of Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite.
Integrated Risk Information System,
EPA/635/R-00/007, September 2000

4ff. Toxicological Profile for Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
US Dept. Health and Human Services, September 2004

4gg. Technical note the pattern of ClO2 stabilized
by Na2CO3/H2O2.
Junli H, Lihua C, Zhenye Z
Water Res. 2001 Jul;35(10):2570-3

4hh. Control effects of p(epsilon) and pH on the
generation and stability of chlorine dioxide.
Pei YS, Wu XQ, Luan ZK, Wang T
J Environ Sci (China). 2003 Sep;15(5):680-4

5a. O2xygen Therapies – A New Way Of Approching Disease.
McCabe E, 1988,
Energy Publication

5b. Oxygen Healing Therapies – For Optimum Health And Vitality,
Altman N, 1995,
Healing Arts Press

5c. The Use Of Ozone In Medicine,
Rilling S, Viebahn R, (1985/1987/1994)
Haug Publishers

5d. Biologically Closed Electric Circuits,
Nordenstrom BEW, 1983,
Nordic Medical Publications

5e. Regional Intra-Arterial Hydrogen Peroxide Infusion And
Irradiation In The Treatment Of Head And Neck Malignancies:
A Progress Report.
Mallams JT, Balla GA, Finney JW
Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1963, Jul-Aug, 67:546-53

5f. War Against Microbes.
Bradford Research Institute
The Choice 28(2), 2001

5g. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
Rodriguez R
Consumer Health Organization of Canada. 1994 Apr;17(4)

5h. O2O2O2 – Oxygen Oxygen Oxygen –
Hydrogen Peroxide Magnesium Peroxide Chlorine Peroxide.
Donsbach KW, 1991,
Wholistic Publications

6a. Decreased level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and
alteration of structural integrity in erythrocytes
infected with Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
Dubey ML, Hegde R, Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC
Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Apr;246(1-2):137-41

6b. Changes in haemoglobin binding curve and oxygen
transport in chronic hypoxic lung disease.
Flenley DC, Fairweather LJ, Cooke NJ, Kirby BJ
Br Med J. 1975 Mar 15;1(5958):602-4

6c. Glycolysis in human erythrocytes containing elevated
concentrations of 2, 3-P2-glycerate.
Duhm J
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Mar 14;385(1):68-80

6d. Oxygen-hemoglobulin dissociation curves:
effect of inherited enzyme defects of the red cell.
Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Oski FA, Gottlieb AJ
Science. 1969 Aug 8;165(893):601-2

7a. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy:
using HBO therapy to increase circulation,
repair damaged tissue, fight infection, save limbs,
relieve pain, and more.
Neubauer RA, Walker M
Avery Publishing Group, Garden City Park, NY (1998)

7b. Textbook of Hyperbaric Medicine.
Jain KK, Neubauer RA, et al
Hogrefe & Huber Publishing, (October 2004)

7c. The Oxygen Revolution – Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy:
the Groundbreaking New Treatment for: …
Harch P, McCullough V, Duncan WA
Hatherleigh Press, (April 24, 2007)

7d. Hyperbaric Medicine Practice.
Kindwall EP, Whelan HT
Best Publishing Company, Flagstaff, AZ (1999)

8a. Survival Factor in Neoplastic and Viral Diseases.
Koch WF, 1961, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil,
Vanderkloot Press, Detroit, Michigan

8b. Hydrogen Peroxide Medical Miracle.
Douglass WC, 1996,
Second Opinion Publ Inc, Atlanta, GA

8c. Influenzal Pneumonia:
The Intravenous Injection Of Hydrogen Peroxide.
Oliver TH, Cantar BC, Murphy DV
The Lancet, 02-21-1920, pp 432-433

8d. Chlorite-hemoprotein interaction as key role for the
pharmacological activity of the chlorite-based drug WF10.
Schempp H, Reim M, Dornisch K, Elstner EF
Arzneimittelforschung. 2001;51(7):554-62

8e. Differential effects on innate versus
adaptive immune responses by WF10.
Giese T, McGrath MS, Stumm S, Schempp H, Elstner E,
Meuer SC
Cell Immunol. 2004 Jun;229(2):149-58

8f. Development of WF10, a novel macrophage-regulating agent.
McGrath MS, Kahn JO, Herndier BG
Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002 Mar;3(3):365-73

8g. Balanced macrophage activation hypothesis:
a biological model for development of drugs targeted
at macrophage functional states.
McGrath MS, Kodelja V
Pathobiology. 1999;67(5-6):277-81

8h. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
of the immune modulator WF10 in patients with advanced AIDS.
Raffanti SP, Schaffner W, Federspiel CF, Blackwell RB,
Ching OA, Kuhne FW
Infection. 1998 Jul-Aug;26(4):202-7

8i. Into the Light.
Douglass WC, 1997,
Second Opinion Publishing Inc, Atlanta, GA

8j. Redox regulation of NF-kappa B activation.
Flohe L, Brigelius-Flohe R, Saliou C, Traber MG, Packer L
Free Radic Biol Med 1997;22(6):1115-26

8k. The role of nuclear factor-kappa B in cytokine gene
regulation.
Blackwell TS, Christman JW
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997 Jul;17(1):3-9

8L. Transcription factors as activators of gene transcription:
AP-1 and NF-kappa B.
Adcock IM
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1997 Apr;52(2):178-86

8m. Regulation of the transcription factors NF-kappa B and
AP-1 by redox changes.
Meyer M, Pahl HL, Baeuerle PA
Chem Biol Interact 1994 Jun;91(2-3):91-100

8n. Modulation of transcription factor NF-kappa B binding
activity by oxidation-reduction in vitro.
Toledano MB, Leonard WJ
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991 May 15;88(10):4328-32

8o. Distinct effects of glutathione disulphide on the nuclear
transcription factor kappa B and the activator protein-1.
Galter D, Mihm S, Droge W
Eur J Biochem 1994 Apr 15;221(2):639-48

8p. Nuclear factor kappa B: an oxidative stress-responsive
transcription factor of eukaryotic cells (a review).
Schreck R, Albermann K, Baeuerle PA
Free Radic Res Commun 1992;17(4):221-37

8q. Functions of glutathione and glutathione disulfide
in immunology and immunopathology.
Droge W, Schulze-Osthoff K, Mihm S, Galter D, et al
FASEB J 1994 Nov;8(14):1131-8

8r. Modulation of monocyte chemokine production
and nuclear factor kappa B activity by oxidants.
Lee JS, Kahlon SS, Culbreth R, Cooper AD
J Interferon Cytokine Res 1999 Jul;19(7):761-7B

8s. Intracellular glutathione redox status modulates MCP-1
expression in pulmonary granulomatous vasculitis.
Desai A, Huang X, Warren JS
Lab Invest 1999 Jul;79(7):837-47

8t. Nuclear factor kappa B: a pivotal role in the systemic
inflammatory response syndrome and new target for therapy.
Christman JW, Lancaster LH, Blackwell TS
Intensive Care Med 1998 Nov;24(11):1131-8
Comment in: Intensive Care Med 1998 Nov;24(11):1129-30

8u. Differential regulation of extracellular signal-regulated
kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathways
by hydrogen peroxide and tumor necrosis factor.
Milligan SA, Owens MW, Grisham MB
Arch Biochem Biophys 1998 Apr 15;352(2):255-62

8v. Hydrogen peroxide as a potent activator
of T lymphocyte functions.
Los M, Dröge W, Stricker K, Baeuerle PA, Schulze-Osthoff K
Eur J Immunol 1995 Jan; 25(1):159-65

9a. Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Blood.
Varma SD, Devamanoharan PS
Free Radic Res Commun. 1991;14(2):125-31

9b. Histochemical demonstration of hydrogen peroxide
production by leukocytes in fixed-frozen tissue sections
of inflammatory lesions.
Dannenberg AM Jr, Schofield BH, Rao JB, Dinh TT, Lee K,
Boulay M, Abe Y, Tsuruta J, Steinbeck MJ
J Leukoc Biol. 1994 Oct;56(4):436-43

9c. Interferon-gamma activates the oxidative killing
of Candida albicans by human granulocytes.
Stevenhagen A, van Furth R
Clin Exp Immunol. 1993 Jan;91(1):170-5

9d. Hydrogen peroxide production by alveolar type II cells,
alveolar macrophages, and endothelial cells.
Kinnula VL, Everitt JI, Whorton AR, Crapo JD
Am J Physiol. 1991 Aug;261(2 Pt 1):L84-91

9e. Stimulation of the respiratory burst and promotion
of bacterial killing in human granulocytes
by intravenous immunoglobulin preparations.
Marodi L, Kalmar A, Karmazsin L
Clin Exp Immunol. 1990 Feb;79(2):164-9

9f. Neutrophils may directly synthesize both H2O2 and O2- since
surface stimuli induce their release in stimulus-specific ratios.
Hoffstein ST, Gennaro DE, Manzi RM
Inflammation. 1985 Dec;9(4):425-37

9g. Quantitative and temporal characterization of the
extracellular H2O2 pool generated by human neutrophils.
Test ST, Weiss SJ
J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 10;259(1):399-405

9h. Hydrogen peroxide release from eosinophils: quantitative,
comparative studies of human and guinea pig eosinophils.
Pincus SH
J Invest Dermatol. 1983 Apr;80(4):278-81

9i. Pyridine nucleotide-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide
by a particulate fraction from human neutrophils.
DeChatelet LR, Shirley PS
J Immunol. 1981 Mar;126(3):1165-9

9j. Comparative studies on alveolar macrophages
and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. I. H2O2 and O2-
generation by rabbit alveolar macrophages.
Yamaguchi T, Kakinuma K, Kaneda M, Shimada K
J Biochem (Tokyo). 1980 May;87(5):1449-55

9k. Interrelationship between oxygen consumption,
superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide formation
in phagocytosing guinea pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Dri P, Bellavite P, Berton G, Rossi F
Mol Cell Biochem. 1979 Jan 26;23(2):109-22

9L. Hydrogen peroxide production and killing of Staphylococcus
aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Tsan MF, Douglass KH, McIntyre PA
Blood. 1977 Mar;49(3):437-44

9m. The role of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide
in phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolic reactions.
Baehner RL, Murrmann SK, Davis J, Johnston RB Jr
J Clin Invest. 1975 Sep;56(3):571-6

9n. H2O2 release from human granulocytes during phagocytosis.
I. Documentation, quantitation, and some regulating factors.
Root RK, Metcalf J, Oshino N, Chance B
J Clin Invest. 1975 May;55(5):945-55

9o. Production of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytizing human granulocytes.
Homan-Muller JW, Weening RS, Roos D
J Lab Clin Med. 1975 Feb;85(2):198-207

9p. Singlet excited oxygen as a mediator
of the antibacterial action of leukocytes.
Krinsky NI
Science. 1974 Oct 25;186(4161):363-5

9q. Biological defense mechanisms. The production
by leukocytes of superoxide, a potential bactericidal agent.
Babior BM, Kipnes RS, Curnutte JT
J Clin Invest. 1973 Mar;52(3):741-4

9r. The H2O2-production by polymorphonuclear
leukocytes during phagocytosis.
Zatti M, Rossi F, Patriarca P
Experientia. 1968 Jul 15;24(7):669-70

9s. A new method for the detection of hydroxyl radical
production by phagocytic cells.
Sagone AL Jr, Decker MA, Wells RM, Democko C
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Feb 21;628(1):90-7

9t. Human granulocyte generation of hydroxyl radical.
Weiss SJ, Rustagi PK, LoBuglio AF
J Exp Med. 1978 Feb 1;147(2):316-23

9u. Production of singlet oxygen by eosinophils activated
in vitro by C5a and leukotriene B4.
Teixeira MM, Cunha FQ, Noronha-Dutra A, Hothersall J
FEBS Lett. 1999 Jun 25;453(3):265-8

9v. Investigating antibody-catalyzed ozone generation
by human neutrophils.
Babior BM, Takeuchi C, Ruedi J, Gutierrez A, Wentworth P
PNAS, Mar 18, 2003, 100(6):3031-3034

10a. Free radicals generation by granulocytes
from men during bed rest.
Pawlak W, Kedziora J, Zolynski K, Kedziora-Kornatowska
K, Blaszczyk J, Witkowski P
J Gravit Physiol. 1998 Jul;5(1):P131-2

10b. Eosinophils are a major source of nitric oxide-derived
oxidants in severe asthma: characterization of pathways
available to eosinophils for generating reactive
nitrogen species.
MacPherson JC, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, Klein DF,
Lipscomb MF, Kavuru MS, Samoszuk MK, Hazen SL
J Immunol. 2001 May 1;166(9):5763-72

10c. Helicobacter pylori urease suppresses bactericidal
activity of peroxynitrite via carbon dioxide production.
Kuwahara H, Miyamoto Y, Akaike T, Kubota T, Sawa T,
Okamoto S, Maeda H
Infect Immun. 2000 Aug;68(8):4378-83

10d. Kinetics of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide
production and formation of peroxynitrite during
the respiratory burst of human neutrophils.
Carreras MC, Pargament GA, Catz SD, Poderoso JJ,
Boveris A
FEBS Lett. 1994 Mar 14;341(1):65-8

10e. Biological aspects of reactive nitrogen species.
Patel RP, McAndrew J, Sellak H, White CR, Jo H,
Freeman BA, Darley-Usmar VM
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 May 5;1411(2-3):385-400

10f. Peroxynitrite production by human neutrophils,
monocytes and lymphocytes challenged with lipopolysaccharide.
Gagnon C, Leblond FA, Filep JG
FEBS Lett. 1998 Jul 10;431(1):107-10

10g. Superoxide and peroxynitrite generation
from inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages.
Xia Y, Zweier JL
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6954-8

10h. Peroxynitrite formation from activated human leukocytes.
Fukuyama N, Ichimori K, Su Z, Ishida H, Nakazawa H
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jul 16;224(2):414-9

11a. Chlorination of Taurine by Human Neutrophils –
Evidence for Hypochlorous Acid Generation.
Weiss SJ, Klein R, Slivka A, Wei M
J Clin Invest, Sep 1982, 70:598-607

11b. Role of myeloperoxidase in the respiratory burst
of human neutrophils.
Nauseef WM, Metcalf JA, Root RK
Blood. 1983 Mar;61(3):483-92

11c. Role of myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial
systems in intact leukocytes.
Klebanoff SJ, Hamon CB
J Reticuloendothel Soc. 1972 Aug;12(2):170-96

12a. Human mononuclear phagocyte antiprotozoal mechanisms:
oxygen-dependent vs oxygen-independent activity
against intracellular Toxoplasma gondii.
Murray HW, Rubin BY, Carriero SM, Harris AM, Jaffee EA
J Immunol. 1985 Mar;134(3):1982-8

12b. Phagocytosis and killing of the protozoan Leishmania
donovani by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Pearson RD, Steigbigel RT
J Immunol. 1981 Oct;127(4):1438-43

12c. The role of the phagocyte in host-parasite interactions.
The direct quantitative estimation of H2O2 in phagocytizing cells.
Paul B, Sbarra AJ
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Feb 1;156(1):168-78

13a. Oxidation-Reduction Potentials In Bacteriology And
Biochemistry.
L F Hewitt, 6th Ed, E. & S. Livingston Ltd., 1950

13b. Role of Oxidants in Microbial Pathophysiology.
R A Miller, B E Britigan
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 10(1):1-18, Jan 1997

13c. Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action and Resistance.
by G McDonnell & A D Russell
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, pp 147-179, Jan 1999 [PDF File 13c]

13d. Treatment with oxidizing agents damages the inner
membrane of spores of Bacillus subtilis and sensitizes
spores to subsequent stress.
Cortezzo DE, Koziol-Dube K, Setlow B, Setlow P
J Appl Microbiol. 2004;97(4):838-52

14a. Mechanisms of killing of Bacillus subtilis spores
by hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide.
Young SB, Setlow P.
J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(1):54-67

14b. Inactivation of bacteria by Purogene.
Harakeh S, Illescas A, Matin A.
J Appl Bacteriol. 1988 May;64(5):459-63

14c. The inhibitory effect of Alcide, an antimicrobial drug,
on protein synthesis in Escherichia coli.
Scatina J, Abdel-Rahman MS, Goldman E.
J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Dec;5(6):388-94

14d. Bactericidal properties of chlorine dioxide.
Ridenour GM, Ingols RS
J Am Water Works Assn, 1947 39:561-567

14e. Bactericidal effects of chlorine dioxide.
Ridenour GM, Armbruster EH
J Am Water Works Assn, 1949 41:537-550

14f. Sporicidal properties of chlorine dioxide.
Ridenour GM, Ingols RS, Armbruster EH
Water & Sewage Works, 1949 96(8):1

14g. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide as a bacteriocide.
Bernarde MA, Isreal BM, Olivieri VP, Granstrom ML
Appl Microbiol, 1965, 13(5):776-780

14h. Kinetics and mechanism of bacterial disinfection
by chlorine dioxide.
Bernarde MA, Snow WB, Olivieri VP, Davidson B
Appl Microbiol, 1967, 15(2):257-265

14i. Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants
EPA Guidance Manual, April 1999,
4.4 Pathogen Inactivation and Disinfection Efficacy,
pp 4-15 to 4-22

14j. Evaluation of ultrasonic scaling unit waterline
contamination after use of chlorine dioxide mouthrinse
lavage.
Wirthlin MR, Marshall GW JR
J Periodontol. 2001 Mar;72(3):401-10

15a. Degradation of the Poliovirus 1 genome
by chlorine dioxide.
Simonet J, Gantzer C
J Appl Microbiol. 2006 Apr;100(4):862-70

15b. Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline
calicivirus by chlorine dioxide.
Thurston-Enriquez JA, Haas CN, Jacangelo J, Gerba CP
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jun;71(6):3100-5

15c. Mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis A virus
in water by chlorine dioxide.
Li JW, Xin ZT, Wang XW, Zheng JL, Chao FH
Water Res. 2004 Mar;38(6):1514-9

15d. Virucidal efficacy of four new disinfectants.
Eleraky NZ, Potgieter LN, Kennedy MA
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2002 May-Jun;38(3):231-4

15e. Chlorine dioxide sterilization of red blood cells
for transfusion, additional studies.
Rubinstein A, Chanh T, Rubinstein DB.
Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12; 10: 235 (abstract no. PB0953).
U.S.C. School of Medicine, Los Angeles

15f. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by a
medical waste disposal process using chlorine dioxide.
Farr RW, Walton C
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1993 Sep;14(9):527-9

15g. Inactivation of human and simian rotaviruses
by chlorine dioxide.
Chen YS, Vaughn JM
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 May;56(5):1363-6

15h. Disinfecting capabilities of oxychlorine compounds.
Noss CI, Olivieri VP
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Nov;50(5):1162-4

15i. Mechanisms of inactivation of poliovirus
by chlorine dioxide and iodine.
Alvarez ME, O’Brien RT
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Nov;44(5):1064-71

15j. A comparison of the virucidal properties of chlorine,
chlorine dioxide, bromine chloride and iodine.
Taylor GR, Butler M
J Hyg (Lond). 1982 Oct;89(2):321-8

15k. Inactivation of Poliomyelitis Virus by “Free” Chlorine.
Ridennour GM, Ingols RS
Am J Pub Health, 1946, 36(6):639

15L. Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants
EPA Guidance Manual, April 1999,
4.4 Pathogen Inactivation and Disinfection Efficacy,
pp 4-15 to 4-22

16a. Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants
EPA Guidance Manual, April 1999,
4.4 Pathogen Inactivation and Disinfection Efficacy,
pp 4-15 to 4-22

16b. Cysticidal effect of chlorine dioxide on Giardia
intestinalis cysts.
Winiecka-Krusnell J, Linder E
Acta Trop. 1998 Jul 30;70(3):369-72

16c. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and
monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability.
Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS, Sinclair NA, Sterling CR
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 May;56(5):1423-8

16d. The effect of ‘Alcide’ on 4 strains of rodent
coccidial oocysts.
Owen DG
Lab Anim. 1983 Oct;17(4):267-9

16e. Water Treatment and Pathogen Control –
Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water.
LeChevallier MW, Au KK
Section 3.3.3 Chlorine dioxide pp 52-54
World Health Organization, IWA Publishing, 2004

16f. Sequential inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts with chlorine dioxide followed by free chlorine
or monochloramine.
Corona-Vasquez B, Rennecker JL, Driedger AM, Mariñas BJ
Water Res. 2002 Jan;36(1):178-88

17a. Disinfectant efficacy of chlorite and
chlorine dioxide in drinking water biofilms.
Gagnon GA, Rand JL, O’leary KC, Rygel AC, Chauret C, Andrews RC
Water Research, 39(9):1809-17, May 2005

17b. Pure Water Handbook.
Osmonics, Inc. Minnetonka, Minnesota

17c. Use Of Chlorine Dioxide In Water And Wastewater Treatment.
Sussman S, Rauh JS pp 344-355 in:
Ozone/Chlorine Dioxide Oxidation Products of Organic Materials.
Rice RG, Cotruvo JA editors,
International Ozone Institute & USEPA,
Ozone Press International, 1978

17d. Disinfection: Water and Wastewater.
Johnson JD
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. 1975

17e. Chlorine dioxide in potable water treatment.
Dowling LT
Water Treat. & Exam. 1974, 23:190-204

17f. Generation and use of chlorine dioxide in water treatment.
Granstrom ML, Lee GF
J Am Water Works Assn, 1958, 50:1453-1466

17g. Use of chlorine dioxide to disinfect water supplies.
Augenstein HW
J Am Water Works Assn, 1974, 66(12):716-717

17h. Water Treatment and Pathogen Control –
Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water.
LeChevallier MW, Au KK
Section 3.3.3 Chlorine dioxide pp 52-54
World Health Organization, IWA Publishing, 2004

17i. Matching odour treatment processes to odour resources.
Jeavons J, Hodgson P, Upton J
Water Science and Technology, 2000, 41(9):227-232

17j. The effect of predisinfection with chlorine dioxide
on the formation of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes
in a drinking water supply.
Harris CL
Thesis submitted to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, July 27,2001

17k. Effect of pH and temperature on the kinetics
of odor oxidation using chlorine dioxide.
Kastner JR, Das KC, Hu C, McClendon R
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2003 Oct;53(10):1218-24

17L. Development of chlorine dioxide-related by-product
models for drinking water treatment.
Korn C, Andrew RC, Escobar MD
Water Res. 2002 Jan;36(1):330-42

18a. Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor.
Goldberg S, Kozlovsky A, Gordon D, Gelernter I,
Sintov A, Rosenberg M
J Dent Res. 1994 Jun;73(6):1168-72

18b. A multifactorial investigation of the ability of oral
health care products (OHCPs) to alleviate oral malodour.
Silwood CJ, Grootveld MC, Lynch E
J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Jul;28(7):634-41

18c. Use of 0.1% chlorine dioxide to inhibit the formation
of morning volatile sulphur compounds (VSC).
Peruzzo DC, Jandiroba PF, Nogueira Filho Gda R
Braz Oral Res. 2007 Jan-Mar;21(1):70-4

18d. Use of chlorine dioxide mouthrinse
as the ultrasonic scaling lavage reduces
the viable bacteria in the generated aerosols.
Wirthlin MR, Choi JH, Kye SB
J West Soc Periodontol Periodontal Abstr. 2006;54(2):35-44

18e. Use of a novel group of oral malodor measurements
to evaluate an anti-oral malodor mouthrinse (TriOralTM)
in humans.
Codipilly DP, Kaufman HW, Kleinberg I
J Clin Dent. 2004;15(4):98-104

18f. The clinical and microbiological effects of a novel
acidified sodium chlorite mouthrinse on oral bacterial
mucosal infections.
Fernandes-Naglik L, Downes J, Shirlaw P, Wilson R,
Challacombe SJ, Kemp GK, Wade WG
Oral Dis. 2001 Sep;7(5):276-80

18g. Efficacy of a chlorine dioxide-containing
mouthrinse in oral malodor.
Frascella J, Gilbert RD, Fernandez P, Hendler J
Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2000 Mar;
21(3):241-4, 246, 248 passim; quiz 256

18h. Odor reduction potential
of a chlorine dioxide mouthrinse.
Frascella J, Gilbert R, Fernandez P
J Clin Dent. 1998;9(2):39-42

18i. Use of a metastabilized chlorous acid/chlorine dioxide
formulation as a mouthrinse for plaque reduction.
Goultschin J, Green J, Machtei E, Stabholz A, Brayer L,
Schwartz Z, Sela MN, Soskolne A
Isr J Dent Sci. 1989 Oct;2(3):142-7

19a. Use of chlorine dioxide for cannery sanitation and
water conservation.
Welch JL, Folinazzo JF
Food Technology, 1959, 13(3):179-182

20a. Effects of Carcass Washing Systems on Campylobacter
Contamination in Large Broiler Processing Plants
by M P Bashor,
Masters Thesis, North Carolina State University, Dec 2002

20b. Research Project Outline #4111,
by C N Cutter, Penn State Univ, Nov 2005

20c. Validation of the use of organic acids and acidified
sodium chlorite to reduce Escherichia coli O157 and
Salmonella typhimurium in beef trim and ground beef
in a simulated processing environment.
by Harris K, Miller MF, Loneragan GH, Brashears MM.
J Food Prot. 69(8):1802-7, Aug 2006

20d. Decreased dosage of acidified sodium chlorite reduces
microbial contamination and maintains organoleptic
qualities of ground beef products.
Bosilevac JM, Shackelford SD, Fahle R, Biela T, Koohmaraie M.
J Food Prot. 2004 Oct;67(10):2248-54

20e. The Evaluation of Antimicrobial Treatments for
Poultry Carcasses
European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-
General, April 2003

20f. Determination of chlorate and chlorite and mutagenicity
of seafood treated with aqueous chlorine dioxide.
Kim J, Marshall MR, Du WX, Otwell WS, Wei CI
J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Sep;47(9):3586-91

20g. Acidified sodium chlorite solutions.
Food and Drug Administration, HHS, pp143-144,
Section 173.325, 21CFR Ch.1 (4-1-07 Edition)

21a. Review – Application of Acidified Sodium Chlorite
to Improve the Food Hygiene of Lightly Fermented Vegetables.
by Y Inatsu, L Bari, S Kawamoto
JARC 41(1 , pp 17-23, 2007

21b. Reactions of aqueous chlorine and chlorine dioxide
with model food compounds.
Fukayama MY, Tan H, Wheeler WB, Wei CI
Environ Health Perspect. 1986 Nov;69:267-74

22a. Efficacy of Two Barrier Teat Dips Containing Chlorous
Acid Germicides Against Experimental Challenge …
by R L Boddie, S C Nickerson, G K Kemp
Journal of Dairy Science, 77 (10):3192-3197, 1994

22b. Evaluation of a Chlorous Experimental and Natural Acid
Chlorine Dioxide Teat Dip Under Experimental and Natural
Exposure Conditions
by P A Drechsler, E E Wildman, J W Pankey
Journal of Dairy Science, 73 (8):2121, 1990

22c. Preventing Bovine Mastitis by a Postmilking Teat
Disinfectant Containing Acidified Sodium Chlorite
by J E Hillerton, J Cooper, J Morelli
Journal of Dairy Science, 90:1201-1208, 2007

23a. Endoscope disinfection using chlorine dioxide
in an automated washer-disinfector.
Isomoto H, Urata M, Kawazoe K, Matsuda J, Nishi Y, Wada
A, Ohnita K, Hirakata Y, Matsuo N, Inoue K, Hirayama T,
Kamihira S, Kohno S
J Hosp Infect. 2006 Jul;63(3):298-305

24a. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of chlorine dioxide
in the management of chronic atrophic candidiasis: an open study.
Mohammad AR, Giannini PJ, Preshaw PM, Alliger H.
Int Dent J. 2004 Jun;54(3):154-8

24b. Using a chlorine dioxide antibacterial gel
for soft tissue healing.
Babad MS
Dent Today. 1999 Jun;18(6):88-9

24c. Subchronic dermal toxicity studies
of Alcide Allay gel and liquid in rabbits.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Skowronski GA, Turkall RM, Gerges SE,
Kadry AR, Abu-Hadeed AH
J Appl Toxicol. 1987 Oct;7(5):327-33

24d. Pharmacodynamics of alcide, a new antimicrobial
compound, in rat and rabbit.
Scatina J, Abdel-Rahman MS, Gerges SE, Khan MY, Gona O
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Jun;4(3 Pt 1):479-84

25a. Double-drug development against antioxidant enzymes from Plasmodium falciparum.
Biot C, Dessolin J, Grellier P, Davioud-Charvet E
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):280-3

25b. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses: a target for the treatment of diseases caused by parasitic protozoa.
Turrens JF
Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Feb-Apr;25(1-2):211-20

25c. Vampires, Pasteur and reactive oxygen species. Is the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism a preventive antioxidant defence in blood-feeding parasites?
Oliveira PL, Oliveira MF
FEBS Lett. 2002 Aug 14;525(1-3):3-6

25d. The role of cell-mediated immune responses in resistance to malaria, with special reference to oxidant stress.
Allison AC, Eugui EM
Annu Rev Immunol. 1983;1:361-92

25e. Thalassaemia trait, red blood cell age and oxidant stress: effects on Plasmodium falciparum growth and sensitivity to artemisinin.
Senok AC, Nelson EA, Li K, Oppenheimer SJ
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Sep-Oct;91(5):585-9

25f. Antiplasmodial activity of nitroaromatic and quinoidal compounds: redox potential vs. inhibition of erythrocyte glutathione reductase.
Grellier P, Sarlauskas J, Anusevicius Z, Maroziene A,
Houee-Levin C, Schrevel J, Cenas N
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Sep 15;393(2):199-206

25g. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates and products from polyamine degradation are Babesiacidal in vitro.
Johnson WC, Cluff CW, Goff WL, Wyatt CR
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Jul 23;791:136-47

25h. Amine peroxides as potential antimalarials.
Vennerstrom JL
J Med Chem. 1989 Jan;32(1):64-7

25i. Thalassaemia trait, red blood cell age and oxidant stress: effects on Plasmodium falciparum growth and sensitivity to artemisinin.
Senok AC, Nelson EA, Li K, Oppenheimer SJ
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Sep-Oct;91(5):585-9

25j. Protection against murine cerebral malaria by dietary-induced oxidative stress.
Levander OA, Fontela R, Morris VC, Ager AL Jr
J Parasitol. 1995 Feb;81(1):99-103

25k. Antioxidant defense mechanisms in parasitic protozoa.
Mehlotra RK
Crit Rev Microbiol. 1996;22(4):295-314

25L. Killing of Plasmodium yoelii by enzyme-induced products of the oxidative burst.
Dockrell HM, Playfair JH
Infect Immun. 1984 Feb;43(2):451-6

25m. Toxicity of certain products of lipid peroxidation to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Clark IA, Butcher GA, Buffinton GD, Hunt NH, Cowden WB
Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Feb 15;36(4):543-6

26a. Mechanism-based design of parasite-targeted artemisinin derivatives: synthesis and antimalarial activity of new diamine containing analogues.
Hindley S, Ward SA, Storr RC, Searle NL, Bray PG, Park BK,
Davies J, O’Neill PM
J Med Chem. 2002 Feb 28;45(5):1052-63

26b. Proposed reductive metabolism of artemisinin by glutathione transferases in vitro.
Mukanganyama S, Naik YS, Widersten M, Mannervik B,
Hasler JA
Free Radic Res. 2001 Oct;35(4):427-34

26c. Effect of dihydroartemisinin on the antioxidant capacity of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
Ittarat W, Sreepian A, Srisarin A, Pathepchotivong K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2003 Dec;34(4):744-50

26d. Evidence that haem iron in the malaria parasite is not needed for the antimalarial effects of artemisinin.
Parapini S, Basilico N, Mondani M, Olliaro P,
Taramelli D, Monti D
FEBS Lett. 2004 Sep 24;575(1-3):91-4

26e. Why artemisinin and certain synthetic peroxides are potent antimalarials. Implications for the mode of action.
Jefford CW
Curr Med Chem. 2001 Dec;8(15):1803-26

26f. Redox reaction of artemisinin with ferrous and ferric ions in aqueous buffer.
Sibmooh N, Udomsangpetch R, Kujoa A, Chantharaksri U,
Mankhetkorn S
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2001 Dec;49(12):1541-6

26g. Artemisinin and the antimalarial endoperoxides: from herbal remedy to targeted chemotherapy.
Meshnick SR, Taylor TE, Kamchonwongpaisan S
Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jun;60(2):301-15

26h. The mode of action of antimalarial endoperoxides.
Meshnick SR
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Jun;88 Suppl 1:S31

26i. Iron-dependent free radical generation from the antimalarial agent artemisinin (qinghaosu).
Meshnick SR, Yang YZ, Lima V, Kuypers F,
Kamchonwongpaisan S, Yuthavong Y
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 May;37(5):1108-14

26j. Effect of beta-arteether treatment on erythrocytic methemoglobin reductase system in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
Srivastava S, Alhomida AS, Siddiqi NJ, Pandey VC, Puri SK
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2001 May;24(2):181-90

26k. In vitro assessment of methylene blue on chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains reveals synergistic action with artemisinins.
Akoachere M, Buchholz K, Fischer E, Burhenne J,
Haefeli WE, Schirmer RH, Becker K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Nov;49(11):4592-7

26L. Studies on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems during arteether treatment of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
Siddiqi NJ, Pandey VC
Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Jun;196(1-2):169-73

26m. Effect of sodium artesunate on malaria infected human erythrocytes.
Pan HZ, Lin FB, Zhang ZA
Proc Chin Acad Med Sci Peking Union Med Coll. 1989;4(4):181-5

27a. Radical-mediated damage to parasites and erythrocytes in Plasmodium vinckei infected mice after injection of t-butyl hydroperoxide.
Clark IA, Hunt NH, Cowden WB, Maxwell LE, Mackie EJ
Clin Exp Immunol. 1984 Jun;56(3):524-30

28a. Potentiation of an antimalarial oxidant drug.
Winter RW, Ignatushchenko M, Ogundahunsi OA,
Cornell KA, Oduola AM, Hinrichs DJ, Riscoe MK
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Jul;41(7):1449-54

29a. The multiple roles of the mitochondrion of the malarial parasite.
Krungkrai J
Parasitology. 2004 Nov;129(Pt 5):511-24

29b. Antimalarial quinones: redox potential dependence of methemoglobin formation and heme release in erythrocytes.
Lopez-Shirley K, Zhang F, Gosser D, Scott M, Meshnick SR
J Lab Clin Med. 1994 Jan;123(1):126-30

29c. Antimalarial efficacy of methylene blue and menadione and their effect on glutathione metabolism of Plasmodium yoelii-infected albino mice.
Arora K, Srivastava AK
Parasitol Res. 2005 Dec;97(6):521-6

29d. Antiplasmodial activity of nitroaromatic and quinoidal compounds: redox potential vs. inhibition of erythrocyte glutathione reductase.
Grellier P, Sarlauskas J, Anusevicius Z, Maroziene A,
Houee-Levin C, Schrevel J, Cenas N
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Sep 15;393(2):199-206

29e. Antiplasmodial activity of naphthoquinones related to lapachol and beta-lapachone.
Perez-Sacau E, Estevez-Braun A, Ravelo AG,
Gutierrez Yapu D, Gimenez Turba A
Chem Biodivers. 2005 Feb;2(2):264-74

29f. Newbouldiaquinone A: A naphthoquinone-anthraquinone ether coupled pigment, as a potential antimicrobial and antimalarial agent from Newbouldia laevis.
Eyong KO, Folefoc GN, Kuete V, Beng VP, Krohn K, Hussain H,
Nkengfack AE, Saeftel M, Sarite SR, Hoerauf A
Phytochemistry. 2006 Mar;67(6):605-9;Epub 2006 Jan 26

29g. Anthranoid compounds with antiprotozoal activity from Vismia orientalis.
Mbwambo ZH, Apers S, Moshi MJ, Kapingu MC, Van Miert S,
Claeys M, Brun R, Cos P, Pieters L, Vlietinck A
Planta Med. 2004 Aug;70(8):706-10

29h. Antimalarial activity of phenazines from lapachol, beta-lapachone and its derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium berghei in vivo.
de Andrade-Neto VF, Goulart MO, da Silva Filho JF,
da Silva MJ, Pinto Mdo C, Pinto AV, Zalis MG,
Carvalho LH, Krettli AU
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 Mar 8;14(5):1145-9

29i. In vitro antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities of some alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids, and coumarins.
del Rayo Camacho M, Phillipson JD, Croft SL, Yardley V,
Solis PN
Planta Med. 2004 Jan;70(1):70-2

29j. Aminonaphthoquinones–a novel class of compounds with potent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
Kapadia GJ, Azuine MA, Balasubramanian V, Sridhar R
Pharmacol Res. 2001 Apr;43(4):363-7

29k. In vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to atovaquone and correlation with other antimalarials: comparison between African and Asian strains.
Gay F, Bustos D, Traore B, Jardinel C, Southammavong M,
Ciceron L, Danis MM
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Mar;56(3):315-7

29L. In vitro activity of natural and synthetic naphthoquinones against erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum.
Carvalho LH, Rocha EM, Raslan DS, Oliveira AB, Krettli AU
Braz J Med Biol Res. 1988;21(3):485-7

29m. Antiplasmodial and antioxidant isofuranonaphthoquinones from the roots of Bulbine capitata.
Bezabih M, Abegaz BM, Dufall K, Croft K, Skinner-Adams T,
Davis TM
Planta Med. 2001 Jun;67(4):340-4

30a. Methylene blue as an antimalarial agent. Schirmer RH, Coulibaly B, Stich A, Scheiwein M,
Merkle H, Eubel J, Becker K, Becher H, Müller O,
Zich T, Schiek W, Kouyaté B
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):272-5

30b. Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase is inhibited by the antimalarial dye methylene blue.
Farber PM, Arscott LD, Williams CH Jr, Becker K,
Schirmer RH
FEBS Lett. 1998 Feb 6;422(3):311-4

30c. Antimalarial efficacy of methylene blue and menadione and their effect on glutathione metabolism of Plasmodium yoelii-infected albino mice.
Arora K, Srivastava AK
Parasitol Res. 2005 Dec;97(6):521-6

30d. Methylene blue for malaria in Africa: results from a dose-finding study in combination with chloroquine
Meissner PE, Mandi G, Coulibaly B, Witte S, Tapsoba T,
Mansmann U, Rengelshausen J, Schiek W, Jahn A,
Walter-Sack I, Mikus G, Burhenne J, Riedel KD,
Schirmer RH, Kouyaté B, Müller O
Malar J. 2006;5:84

30e. In vitro assessment of methylene blue on chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains reveals synergistic action with artemisinins.
Akoachere M, Buchholz K, Fischer E, Burhenne J,
Haefeli WE, Schirmer RH, Becker K
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Nov;49(11):4592-7

30f. Mode of antimalarial effect of methylene blue and some of its analogues on Plasmodium falciparum in culture and their inhibition of P. vinckei petteri and P. yoelii nigeriensis in vivo.
Atamna H, Krugliak M, Shalmiev G, Deharo E,
Pescarmona G, Ginsburg H
Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Mar 8;51(5):693-700

30g. Antimalarial dyes revisited: xanthenes, azines, oxazines, and thiazines.
Vennerstrom JL, Makler MT, Angerhofer CK, Williams JA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Dec;39(12):2671-7

30h. The influence of methylene blue on the pentose phosphate pathway in erythrocytes of monkeys infected with Plasmodium knowlesi.
Barnes MG, Polet H
J Lab Clin Med. 1969 Jul;74(1):1-11

30i. The phenothiazinium chromophore and the evolution of antimalarial drugs.
Wainwright M, Amaral L
Trop Med Int Health. 2005 Jun;10(6):501-11

31a. Thiol-based redox metabolism of protozoan parasites.
Muller S, Liebau E, Walter RD, Krauth-Siegel RL Trends Parasitol. 2003 Jul;19(7):320-8
Comment in: Trends Parasitol. 2004 Feb;20(2):58-9

31b. Glutathione, altruistic metabolite in fungi.
Pócsi I, Prade RA, Penninckx MJ
Adv Microb Physiol. 2004;49:1-76

32a. A comparison of the effects of ocular preservatives on mammalian and microbial ATP and glutathione levels.
Ingram PR, Pitt AR, Wilson CG, Olejnik O, Spickett CM
Free Radic Res. 2004 Jul;38(7):739-50

32b. The effect of Alcide, a new antimicrobial drug, on rat blood glutathione and erythrocyte osmotic fragility, in vitro.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Scatina J
J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Jun;5(3):178-81

32c. Chlorite-hemoprotein interaction as key role for the pharmacological activity of the chlorite-based drug WF10.
Schempp H, Reim M, Dornisch K, Elstner EF
Arzneimittelforschung. 2001;51(7):554-62

32d. Kinetics and mechanisms of chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of cysteine and glutathione.
Ison A, Odeh IN, Margerum DW
Inorg Chem. 2006 Oct 16;45(21):8768-75

32e. The interaction of sodium chlorite with phospholipids and glutathione: a comparison of effects in vitro, in mammalian and in microbial cells.
Ingram PR, Homer NZ, Smith RA, Pitt AR, Wilson CG, Olejnik O, Spickett CM
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Feb 1;410(1):121-33

32f. Pharmacodynamics of alcide, a new antimicrobial compound, in rat and rabbit.
Scatina J, Abdel-Rahman MS, Gerges SE, Khan MY, Gona O Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984 Jun;4(3 Pt 1):479-84
(decreased glutathion)

32g. Effect of chlorine dioxide and metabolites on glutathione dependent system in rat, mouse and chicken blood.
Couri D, Abdel-Rahman MS
J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1979 Dec;3(1-2):451-60

32h. Kinetics of Cl02 and effects of Cl02, Cl02-, and Cl03- in drinking water on blood glutathione and hemolysis in rat and chicken.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Couri D, Bull RJ
J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Dec;3(1-2):431-49

32i. Oxidative damage to the erythrocyte induced by sodium chlorite, in vitro.
Heffernan WP, Guion C, Bull RJ J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Jul-Aug;2(6):1501-10
(chlorite depletes GSH)

32j. Oxidative damage to the erythrocyte induced by sodium chlorite, in vivo.
Heffernan WP, Guion C, Bull RJ J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Jul-Aug;2(6):1487-99
(chlorite decreases GSH)

32k. The effect of Alcide, a new antimicrobial drug, on rat blood glutathione and erythrocyte osmotic fragility, in vitro.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Scatina J
J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Jun;5(3):178-81

32L. Toxicity of chlorine dioxide in drinking water.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Couri D, Bull RJ
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1985 Sep-Oct;6(1):105-13

33a. Oxyhalogen-Sulfur Chemistry: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of N-Acetylthiourea by Chlorite and Chlorine Dioxide.
Olagunju O, Siegel PD, Olojo R, Simoyi RH
J Phys Chem A, 110 (7), 2396 -2410, 2006

33b. Oxyhalogen-Sulfur Chemistry: Oxidation of N-Acetylcysteine by Chlorite and Acidic Bromate.
Darkwa J, Olojo R, Olagunju O, Otoikhian A, Simoyi RH
J. Phys. Chem. A, 107 (46), 9834 -9845, 2003

33c. Oxyhalogen – Sulfur Chemistry: Oxidation of Taurine by Chlorite in Acidic Medium
Chinake CR, Simoyi RH
J Phys Chem B, 1997, 101, 1207

34a. Thioredoxin networks in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Nickel C, Rahlfs S, Deponte M, Koncarevic S, Becker K
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006 Jul-Aug;8(7-8):1227-39

34b. Thioredoxin and glutathione system of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S, Gilberger TW, Krnajski Z, Luersen K, Meierjohann S, Walter RD, Muller S, Lüersen K
Protoplasma. 2001;217(1-3):43-9

34c. Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxins and glutaredoxins as central players in redox metabolism.
Rahlfs S, Nickel C, Deponte M, Schirmer RH, Becker K
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):246-50

34d. The thiol-based redox networks of pathogens: unexploited targets in the search for new drugs.
Jaeger T, Flohe L, Flohé L
Biofactors. 2006;27(1-4):109-20

34e. Redox and antioxidant systems of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S
Mol Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(5):1291-305

35a. The plasmodial apicoplast was retained under evolutionary selective pressure to assuage blood stage oxidative stress.
Toler S
Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(4):683-90

35b. Scavenging of the cofactor lipoate is essential for the survival of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Allary M, Lu JZ, Zhu L, Prigge ST
Mol Microbiol. 2007 Mar;63(5):1331-44;Epub 2007 Jan 22

35c. Plasmodium falciparum possesses organelle-specific alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and lipoylation pathways.
Günther S, McMillan PJ, Wallace LJ, Müller S
Biochem Soc Trans. 2005 Nov;33(Pt 5):977-80

35d. The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has only one pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which is located in the apicoplast.
Foth BJ, Stimmler LM, Handman E, Crabb BS, Hodder AN, McFadden GI Mol Microbiol. 2005 Jan;55(1):39-53
Comment in: Mol Microbiol. 2005 Jan;55(1):1-4

35e. The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum possesses two distinct dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenases.
McMillan PJ, Stimmler LM, Foth BJ, McFadden GI, Müller S Mol Microbiol. 2005 Jan;55(1):27-38
Comment in: Mol Microbiol. 2005 Jan;55(1):1-4

35f. The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has distinct organelle-specific lipoylation pathways.
Wrenger C, Müller S
Mol Microbiol. 2004 Jul;53(1):103-13

35g. Apicomplexan parasites contain a single lipoic acid synthase located in the plastid.
Thomsen-Zieger N, Schachtner J, Seeber F
FEBS Lett. 2003 Jul 17;547(1-3):80-6

35h. Biosynthetic pathways of plastid-derived organelles as potential drug targets against parasitic apicomplexa.
Seeber F
Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2003 Jun;3(2):99-109

36a. Fatty acid biosynthesis as a drug target in apicomplexan parasites.
Goodman CD, McFadden GI
Curr Drug Targets. 2007 Jan;8(1):15-30

36b. Apicoplast fatty acid biosynthesis as a target for medical intervention in apicomplexan parasites.
Gornicki P
Int J Parasitol. 2003 Aug;33(9):885-96

36c. A type II pathway for fatty acid biosynthesis presents drug targets in Plasmodium falciparum.
Waller RF, Ralph SA, Reed MB, Su V, Douglas JD, Minnikin DE, Cowman AF, Besra GS, McFadden GI
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):297-301

36d. Recombinant expression and biochemical characterization of the unique elongating beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase involved in fatty acid biosynthesis of Plasmodium falciparum using natural and artificial substrates
Lack G, Homberger-Zizzari E, Folkers G, Scapozza L, Perozzo R
J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 7;281(14):9538-46

36e. Identification, characterization, and inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase (FabZ).
Sharma SK, Kapoor M, Ramya TN, Kumar S, Kumar G, Modak R, Sharma S, Surolia N, Surolia A
J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14;278(46):45661-71

36f. Analyses of co-operative transitions in Plasmodium falciparum beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase upon co-factor and acyl carrier protein binding.
Karmodiya K, Surolia N
FEBS J. 2006 Sep;273(17):4093-103

37a. Characterization of the glyoxalases of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and comparison with their human counterparts
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37b. Glutathione–functions and metabolism in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Becker K, Rahlfs S, Nickel C, Schirmer RH
Biol Chem. 2003 Apr;384(4):551-66

37c. The thioredoxin system of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Glutathione reduction revisited.
Kanzok SM, Schirmer RH, Turbachova I, Iozef R, Becker K
J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 22;275(51):40180-6

37d. Thioredoxin and glutathione system of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S, Gilberger TW, Krnajski Z, Luersen K, Meierjohann S, Walter RD, Muller S, Lüersen K
Protoplasma. 2001;217(1-3):43-9

37e. Thioredoxin reductase and glutathione synthesis in Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S, Muller S
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):251-5

37f. Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells depend on a functional glutathione de novo synthesis attributable to an enhanced loss of glutathione.
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Biochem J. 2000 Mar 1;346 Pt 2:545-52

37g. Characterization of the glyoxalases of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and comparison with their human counterparts.
Akoachere M, Iozef R, Rahlfs S, Deponte M, Mannervik B, Creighton DJ, Schirmer H, Becker K
Biol Chem. 2005 Jan;386(1):41-52

37h. Glutathione synthetase from Plasmodium falciparum.
Meierjohann S, Walter RD, Muller S
Biochem J. 2002 May 1;363(Pt 3):833-8

37i. Ceramide mediates growth inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite.
Pankova-Kholmyansky I, Dagan A, Gold D, Zaslavsky Z, Skutelsky E, Gatt S, Flescher E
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Mar;60(3):577-87

37j. The malaria parasite supplies glutathione to its host cell–investigation of glutathione transport and metabolism in human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum.
Atamna H, Ginsburg H
Eur J Biochem. 1997 Dec 15;250(3):670-9

37k. Redox processes in malaria and other parasitic diseases. Determination of intracellular glutathione.
Becker K, Gui M, Traxler A, Kirsten C, Schirmer RH
Histochemistry. 1994 Nov;102(5):389-95

37L. The effect of Alcide, a new antimicrobial drug, on rat blood glutathione and erythrocyte osmotic fragility, in vitro.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Scatina J
J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Jun;5(3):178-81

37m. Toxicity of chlorine dioxide in drinking water.
Abdel-Rahman MS, Couri D, Bull RJ
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1985 Sep-Oct;6(1):105-13

38a. Glutathione reductase-deficient erythrocytes as host cells of malarial parasites.
Zhang Y, Konig I, Schirmer RH
Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Mar 1;37(5):861-5

38b. Glutathione reductase of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum: crystal structure and inhibitor development.
Sarma GN, Savvides SN, Becker K, Schirmer M, Schirmer RH, Karplus PA
J Mol Biol. 2003 May 9;328(4):893-907

38c. Kinetic characterization of glutathione reductase from the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Comparison with the human enzyme.
Bohme CC, Arscott LD, Becker K, Schirmer RH, Williams CH Jr
J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 1;275(48):37317-23

38d. Glutathione reductase inhibitors as potential antimalarial drugs. Effects of nitrosoureas on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
Zhang YA, Hempelmann E, Schirmer RH
Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Mar 1;37(5):855-60

38e. Glutathione reductase inhibitors as potential antimalarial drugs. Effects of nitrosoureas on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
Zhang YA, Hempelmann E, Schirmer RH
Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Mar 1;37(5):855-60

39a. Glutathione S-transferase of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum: characterization of a potential drug target.
Harwaldt P, Rahlfs S, Becker K
Biol Chem. 2002 May;383(5):821-30

39b. Glutathione S-transferase from malarial parasites: structural and functional aspects.
Deponte M, Becker K
Methods Enzymol. 2005;401:241-53

39c. The glutathione S-transferase from Plasmodium falciparum.
Liebau E, Bergmann B, Campbell AM, Teesdale-Spittle P, Brophy PM, Larsen K, Walter RD
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2002 Sep-Oct;124(1-2):85-90

39d. Glutathione S-transferases and related proteins from pathogenic human parasites behave as immunomodulatory factors.
Ouaissi A, Ouaissi M, Sereno D
Immunol Lett. 2002 May 1;81(3):159-64

39e. Plasmodium falciparum glutathione S-transferase–structural and mechanistic studies on ligand binding and enzyme inhibition.
Hiller N, Fritz-Wolf K, Deponte M, Wende W, Zimmermann H, Becker K
Protein Sci. 2006 Feb;15(2):281-9

39f. Cooperativity and pseudo-cooperativity in the glutathione S-transferase from Plasmodium falciparum.
Liebau E, De Maria F, Burmeister C, Perbandt M, Turella P, Antonini G, Federici G, Giansanti F, Stella L, Lo Bello M, Caccuri AM, Ricci G
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39g. X-ray structure of glutathione S-transferase from the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Fritz-Wolf K, Becker A, Rahlfs S, Harwaldt P, Schirmer RH, Kabsch W, Becker K
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 25;100(24):13821-6

40a. Roles of 1-Cys peroxiredoxin in haem detoxification in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Kawazu S, Ikenoue N, Takemae H, Komaki-Yasuda K, Kano S
FEBS J. 2005 Apr;272(7):1784-91

40b. Structural and biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial peroxiredoxin from Plasmodium falciparum.
Boucher IW, McMillan PJ, Gabrielsen M, Akerman SE, Brannigan JA, Schnick C, Brzozowski AM, Wilkinson AJ, Muller S, Müller S
Mol Microbiol. 2006 Aug;61(4):948-59

40c. 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin TPx-1 is involved in gametocyte development in Plasmodium berghei.
Yano K, Komaki-Yasuda K, Tsuboi T, Torii M, Kano S, Kawazu S
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006 Jul;148(1):44-51

40d. Plasmodium falciparum 2-Cys peroxiredoxin reacts with plasmoredoxin and peroxynitrite.
Nickel C, Trujillo M, Rahlfs S, Deponte M, Radi R, Becker K
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40e. Expression of mRNAs and proteins for peroxiredoxins in Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage.
Yano K, Komaki-Yasuda K, Kobayashi T, Takemae H, Kita K, Kano S, Kawazu S
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40f. Crystal structure of a novel Plasmodium falciparum 1-Cys peroxiredoxin.
Sarma GN, Nickel C, Rahlfs S, Fischer M, Becker K, Karplus PA
J Mol Biol. 2005 Mar 4;346(4):1021-34

40g. 2-Cys peroxiredoxin PfTrx-Px1 is involved in the antioxidant defence of Plasmodium falciparum.
Akerman SE, Muller S, Müller S
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2003 Aug 31;130(2):75-81

40h. Expression profiles of peroxiredoxin proteins of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii.
Kawazu S, Nozaki T, Tsuboi T, Nakano Y, Komaki-Yasuda K, Ikenoue N, Torii M, Kano S
Int J Parasitol. 2003 Nov;33(13):1455-61

40i. Disruption of the Plasmodium falciparum 2-Cys peroxiredoxin gene renders parasites hypersensitive to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Komaki-Yasuda K, Kawazu S, Kano S
FEBS Lett. 2003 Jul 17;547(1-3):140-4

40j. Molecular characterization of a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Kawazu S, Komaki K, Tsuji N, Kawai S, Ikenoue N, Hatabu T, Ishikawa H, Matsumoto Y, Himeno K, Kano S
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2001 Aug;116(1):73-9

40k. Isolation and functional analysis of two thioredoxin peroxidases (peroxiredoxins) from Plasmodium falciparum.
Krnajski Z, Walter RD, Muller S, Müller S
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2001 Apr 6;113(2):303-8

40L. Thioredoxin peroxidases of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Rahlfs S, Becker K
Eur J Biochem. 2001 Mar;268(5):1404-9

41a. The thioredoxin system of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Glutathione reduction revisited.
Kanzok SM, Schirmer RH, Turbachova I, Iozef R, Becker K
J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 22;275(51):40180-6

41b. Thioredoxin networks in the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Nickel C, Rahlfs S, Deponte M, Koncarevic S, Becker K
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006 Jul-Aug;8(7-8):1227-39

41c. Thioredoxin and glutathione system of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S, Gilberger TW, Krnajski Z, Luersen K, Meierjohann S, Walter RD, Muller S, Lüersen K
Protoplasma. 2001;217(1-3):43-9

41d. Thioredoxin reductase and glutathione synthesis in Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S, Muller S
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):251-5

41e. Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxins and glutaredoxins as central players in redox metabolism.
Rahlfs S, Nickel C, Deponte M, Schirmer RH, Becker K
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):246-50

41f. The thioredoxin system of Plasmodium falciparum and other parasites.
Rahlfs S, Schirmer RH, Becker K
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2002 Jun;59(6):1024-41

41g. Thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin peroxidase of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Kanzok SM, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Schirmer RH
Methods Enzymol. 2002;347:370-81

42a. Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxins and glutaredoxins as central players in redox metabolism.
Rahlfs S, Nickel C, Deponte M, Schirmer RH, Becker K
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):246-50

42b. Plasmodium falciparum possesses a classical glutaredoxin and a second, glutaredoxin-like protein with a PICOT homology domain.
Rahlfs S, Fischer M, Becker K
J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 5;276(40):37133-40

42c. Plasmodium falciparum glutaredoxin-like proteins.
Deponte M, Becker K, Rahlfs S
Biol Chem. 2005 Jan;386(1):33-40

43a. Plasmoredoxin, a novel redox-active protein unique for malarial parasites.
Becker K, Kanzok SM, Iozef R, Fischer M, Schirmer RH, Rahlfs S
Eur J Biochem. 2003 Mar;270(6):1057-64

44a. Double-drug development against antioxidant enzymes from Plasmodium falciparum.
Biot C, Dessolin J, Grellier P, Davioud-Charvet E
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):280-3

44b. Thioredoxin reductase and glutathione synthesis in Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S, Muller S
Redox Rep. 2003;8(5):251-5

44c. Specific inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin reductase as potential antimalarial agents.
Andricopulo AD, Akoachere MB, Krogh R, Nickel C, McLeish MJ, Kenyon GL, Arscott LD, Williams CH Jr, Davioud-Charvet E, Becker K
Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Apr 15;16(8):2283-92

44d. Thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin peroxidase of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Kanzok SM, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Schirmer RH
Methods Enzymol. 2002;347:370-81

44e. Thioredoxin reductase is essential for the survival of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages.
Krnajski Z, Gilberger TW, Walter RD, Cowman AF, Muller S
J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):25970-5;Epub 2002 May 09

44f. Thioredoxin reductase as a pathophysiological factor and drug target.
Becker K, Gromer S, Schirmer RH, Muller S
Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(20):6118-25

44g. Redox and antioxidant systems of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Muller S
Mol Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(5):1291-305

45a. Gene disruption confirms a critical role for the cysteine protease falcipain-2 in hemoglobin hydrolysis by Plasmodium falciparum.
Sijwali PS, Rosenthal PJ
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 30;101(13):4384-9

45b. Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2 cleaves erythrocyte membrane skeletal proteins at late stages of parasite development.
Hanspal M, Dua M, Takakuwa Y, Chishti AH, Mizuno A
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45c. Expression and characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum haemoglobinase falcipain-3.
Sijwali PS, Shenai BR, Gut J, Singh A, Rosenthal PJ
Biochem J. 2001 Dec 1;360(Pt 2):481-9

45d. Characterization of native and recombinant falcipain-2, a principal trophozoite cysteine protease and essential hemoglobinase of Plasmodium falciparum.
Shenai BR, Sijwali PS, Singh A, Rosenthal PJ
J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 15;275(37):29000-10

45e. Reducing requirements for hemoglobin hydrolysis by Plasmodium falciparum cysteine proteases.
Shenai BR, Rosenthal PJ
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2002 Jun;122(1):99-104

45f. Cysteine proteases of malaria parasites.
Rosenthal PJ
Int J Parasitol. 2004 Dec;34(13-14):1489-99

45g. Responsiveness of parasite Cys His proteases to iron redox.
Lockwood TD
Parasitol Res. 2006 Dec;100(1):175-81

45h. Antimalarial activities of novel synthetic cysteine protease inhibitors.
Lee BJ, Singh A, Chiang P, Kemp SJ, Goldman EA,
Weinhouse MI, Vlasuk GP, Rosenthal PJ
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Dec;47(12):3810-4

45i. Responsiveness of parasite Cys His proteases to iron redox.
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Parasitol Res. 2006 Dec;100(1):175-81

46a. Comparative properties of a three-dimensional model of Plasmodium falciparum ornithine decarboxylase.
Birkholtz L, Joubert F, Neitz AW, Louw AI
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46b. The Plasmodium falciparum bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, enables a well balanced polyamine synthesis without
domain-domain interaction.
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J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 10;276(32):29651-6

46c. The ornithine decarboxylase domain of the bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase/S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase of Plasmodium falciparum: recombinant expression and catalytic properties of two different constructs.
Krause T, Larsen K, Wrenger C, Gilberger TW, Mauller S,
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Biochem J. 2000 Dec 1;352 Pt 2:287-92

46d. In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, polyamines are synthesized by a bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.
Mauller S, Da’dara A, Larsen K, Wrenger C, Das Gupta R,
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J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 17;275(11):8097-102

46e. Ornithine decarboxylase of Plasmodium falciparum: a peak-function enzyme and its inhibition by chloroquine.
KÃnigk E, Putfarken B, Trop Med Parasitol. 1985 Jun;36(2):81-4

47a. Plasmodium falciparum: inhibitors of lysosomal
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Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1989 Jun 15;35(2):177-83

47b. Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum utilizes only
a fraction of the amino acids derived from the digestion
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47c. Hemoglobin degradation.
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47d. Hemoglobin metabolism in the malaria parasite
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47e. Acidification of the malaria parasite’s digestive
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47f. Hemoglobin degradation in Plasmodium-infected
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47g. Plasmodial hemoglobin degradation:
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Goldberg DE
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47h. pH regulation in the intracellular malaria parasite,
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48a. Plasmodium falciparum carbohydrate metabolism:
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Roth E Jr
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48b. The effect of Alcide, a new antimicrobial drug, on rat
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Abdel-Rahman MS, Scatina J
J Appl Toxicol. 1985 Jun;5(3):178-81

49a. Development of cysteine protease inhibitors as
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49b. Cysteine proteases of malaria parasites:
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49c. Proteases of malaria parasites:
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49d. Hydrolysis of erythrocyte proteins
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49e. Cysteine protease inhibitors as chemotherapy
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50a. In vitro activity of riboflavin against the human
malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
Akompong T, Ghori N, Haldar K
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50b. Potentiation of an antimalarial oxidant drug.
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50c. Hemoglobin metabolism in the malaria parasite
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Francis SE, Sullivan DJ Jr, Goldberg DE
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50d. Identification and characterization of heme-interacting
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50e. The redox status of malaria-infected erythrocytes:
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50f. Redox and antioxidant systems of the malaria parasite
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Muller S
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50g. Origin of reactive oxygen species in erythrocytes
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Atamna H, Ginsburg H
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1993 Oct;61(2):231-41
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50h. Oxidative stress in malaria parasite-infected
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Becker K, Tilley L, Vennerstrom JL, Roberts D,
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50i. Clotrimazole binds to heme and enhances heme-dependent
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Huy NT, Kamei K, Yamamoto T, Kondo Y, Kanaori K,
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J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 8;277(6):4152-8

50j. Illumination of the malaria parasite Plasmodium
falciparum alters intracellular pH. Implications
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Wissing F, Sanchez CP, Rohrbach P, Ricken S, Lanzer M
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50k. Potentiation of an antimalarial oxidant drug.
Winter RW, Ignatushchenko M, Ogundahunsi OA, Cornell KA,
Oduola AM, Hinrichs DJ, Riscoe MK
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997 Jul;41(7):1449-54

50L. The iron environment in heme and heme-antimalarial
complexes of pharmacological interest.
Adams PA, Berman PA, Egan TJ, Marsh PJ, Silver J
J Inorg Biochem. 1996 Jul;63(1):69-77

50m. Lysis of malarial parasites and erythrocytes
by ferriprotoporphyrin IX-chloroquine and the inhibition
of this effect by proteins.
Zhang Y, Hempelmann E
Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Apr 15;36(8):1267-73

50n. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX: a mediator of the antimalarial
action of oxidants and 4-aminoquinoline drugs.
Fitch CD, Dutta P, Kanjananggulpan P, Chevli R
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50o. Hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes by ferriprotoporphyrin IX
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Chou AC, Fitch CD
J Clin Invest. 1980 Oct;66(4):856-8

50p. Is hemin responsible for the susceptibility
of Plasmodia to oxidant stress?
Har-El R, Marva E, Chevion M, Golenser J
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50q. The effects of ascorbate-induced free radicals
on Plasmodium falciparum.
Marva E, Golenser J, Cohen A, Kitrossky N, Har-el R,
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Trop Med Parasitol. 1992 Mar;43(1):17-23

50r. Induction of oxidant stress by iron available
in advanced forms of Plasmodium falciparum.
Golenser J, Marva E, Har-El R, Chevion M
Free Radic Res Commun. 1991;12-13 Pt 2:639-43

50s. Growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum involving
carbon centered iron-chelate radical (L., X-)-Fe(III)
based on pyridoxal-betaine. A novel type of antimalarials
active against chloroquine-resistant parasites.
Iheanacho EN, Sarel S, Samuni A, Avramovici-Grisaru S,
Spira DT
Free Radic Res Commun. 1991;15(1):1-10

50t. Detection of short-chain carbonyl products of lipid
peroxidation from malaria-parasite (Plasmodium vinckei)-
infected red blood cells exposed to oxidative stress.
Buffinton GD, Hunt NH, Cowden WB, Clark IA
Biochem J. 1988 Jan 1;249(1):63-8

50u. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX: a mediator of the antimalarial
action of oxidants and 4-aminoquinoline drugs.
Fitch CD, Dutta P, Kanjananggulpan P, Chevli R
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984;155:119-30

50v. Influence of chloroquine treatment and Plasmodium
falciparum malaria infection on some enzymatic and
non-enzymatic antioxidant defense indices in humans.
Farombi EO, Shyntum YY, Emerole GO
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2003 Feb;26(1):59-71

50w. Oxidative stress in patients with non-complicated malaria.
Paban A, Carmona J, Burgos LC, Blair S
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50x. Evidence for erythrocyte lipid peroxidation
in acute falciparum malaria.
Das BS, Nanda NK
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Jan-Feb;93(1):58-62

50y. Metal chelators/antioxidants: approaches to protect
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50z. Role of free radicals in Plasmodium berghei infected
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Mahdi AA, Chander R, Kapoor NK, Ahmad S
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50aa. Plasmodium falciparum induced perturbations
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Mohan K, Dubey ML, Ganguly NK, Mahajan RC
Clin Chim Acta. 1992 Jul 31;209(1-2):19-26

50bb. Effect of radical treatment on erythrocyte lipid
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51a. The survival of Plasmodium Under oxidant stress.
Golenser J, Marva E, Chevion M
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51b. Hexose-monophosphate shunt activity in intact
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51c. Vampires, Pasteur and reactive oxygen species.
Is the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
a preventive antioxidant defence in blood-feeding
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51d. Oxidative stress and malaria-infected erythrocytes.
Mishra NC, Kabilan L, Sharma A
Indian J Malariol. 1994 Jun;31(2):77-87

51e. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanism
in Plasmodium vivax malaria before and after chloroquine
treatment.
Sarin K, Kumar A, Prakash A, Sharma A
Indian J Malariol. 1993 Sep;30(3):127-33

51f. Lipid peroxidation in Plasmodium falciparum-
parasitized human erythrocytes.
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51g. The adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to oxidative
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Roth E Jr, Schulman S
Br J Haematol. 1988 Nov;70(3):363-7

51h. Pathways for the reduction of oxidized glutathione
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51i. The plasmodial apicoplast was retained under
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51j. Glutathione–functions and metabolism in the malarial
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51k. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses:
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51L. Vampires, Pasteur and reactive oxygen species.
Is the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
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FEBS Lett. 2002 Aug 14;525(1-3):3-6

51m. The malaria parasite supplies glutathione to its host
cell–investigation of glutathione transport and metabolism
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Atamna H, Ginsburg H
Eur J Biochem. 1997 Dec 15;250(3):670-9

51n. Redox processes in malaria and other parasitic diseases.
Determination of intracellular glutathione.
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Histochemistry. 1994 Nov;102(5):389-95

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68b. Cellular polyamine profile of the phyla Dinophyta,
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68c. Diamine derivatives with antiparasitic activities.
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68d. Spermidine metabolism in parasitic protozoa–
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69a. Polyamines in the cell cycle of the malarial parasite
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69c. The spermidine synthase of the malaria parasite
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69d. Targeting malaria with polyamines.
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69e. The Plasmodium falciparum bifunctional ornithine
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69f. Effect of polyamines on the activity of malarial
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69g. Plasmodium falciparum: purification, properties,
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69h. Polyamines in the cell cycle of the malarial parasite
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69i. Effect of polyamine depletion on macromolecular
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69j. Polyamine levels and the activity of their
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69k. Plasmodium berghei: inhibitors of ornithine
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70a. 3-Aminooxy-1-aminopropane and derivatives have an
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70b. Antimalarial effect of agmatine on Plasmodium
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70c. Antiplasmodial activity of a series of
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70d. Effect of drugs inhibiting spermidine biosynthesis
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70e. Polyamine metabolism in various tissues during
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70f. Combined action of inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine
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70g. Combined action of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthetic
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70h. Irreversible inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine
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70i. Antimalarial polyamine analogues.
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70j. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei:
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70k. Ornithine decarboxylase of Plasmodium falciparum:
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70L. Ornithine decarboxylase inhibition and
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71a. Polyamine oxidase in human retroplacental serum
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71b. The effect of purified aminoaldehydes produced
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71c. Polyamine oxidase-mediated intraerythrocytic
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71d. Polyamine oxidase mediates intra-erythrocytic
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71e. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates and products
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72a. Chlorine Dioxide: Chemical and Physical Properties.
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73a. Chlorine dioxide oxidation of guanosine 5?-monophosphate.
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74a. Transfer of purines from liver to erythrocytes.
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75a. Nucleoside transport as a potential target
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75b. Xanthine oxidase inhibits growth of Plasmodium
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75c. Hypoxanthine depletion induced by xanthine oxidase
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76a. Molecules targeting the purine salvage pathway
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76b. Nucleoside transport as a potential target
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76d. Purine metabolism by the avian malarial parasite
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76e. Purine metabolism during continuous erythrocyte
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76f. Purine base and nucleoside uptake
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76g. Comparison of tritiated hypoxanthine, adenine and
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76h. Purine uptake and utilization by the avian malaria
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76i. [Incorporation of exogenous adenosine and
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77b. Purine-less death in Plasmodium falciparum induced
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77c. Structure-activity relationships and inhibitory effects
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77d. In vitro susceptibilities of Plasmodium falciparum
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77e. Synthesis of adenosine nucleotides from hypoxanthine
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77f. Hypoxanthine metabolism by human malaria
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77g. Antimalarial properties of bredinin.
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78a. Denaturation of Protein by Chlorine Dioxide:
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78b. Chlorine dioxide oxidations of tyrosine,
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78c. Reaction of chlorine dioxide with amino acids
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78d. Reactions of aqueous chlorine dioxide
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79a. Controlled clinical evaluations of chlorine dioxide,
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79f. Effect of chlorine dioxide water disinfection on
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79g. The effects of chronic administration of chlorine dioxide,
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79h. Effects of the acute rising dose administration
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79i. Controlled clinical evaluations of chlorine dioxide,
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80a. The effects of chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite
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80b. Subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related
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80c. Oxidative damage to the erythrocyte induced
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80d. Acute and chronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
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80e. The kinetics of chlorite and chlorate in rats.
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80f. Teratologic evaluation of Alcide liquid
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80g. Effects of Alcide gel on fetal development
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80h. Biochemical interactions of chlorine dioxide
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80i. Pharmacokinetics of Alcide, a germicidal compound in rat.
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80j. Effect of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites
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80k. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics
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80L. Toxicological effects of chlorine dioxide, chlorite
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80m. Toxicological effects of chlorite in the mouse.
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80n. Chlorine dioxide metabolism in rat.
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80o. Toxicity of chlorine dioxide in drinking water.
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80p. Sodium chlorite. IARC monographs on the evaluation
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81a. Acute sodium chlorite poisoning associated
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82a. First-aid reports of acute chlorine gassing among
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82b. Health Effects of Working in Pulp and Paper Mills:
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82c. Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome Due
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82g. Chlorine dioxide.
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83a. The effects of chronic administration of chlorite
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83b. G6PD-deficiency: a potential high-risk group
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83c. Groups at potentially high risk from chlorine dioxide
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83d. G6PD-deficiency: a potential high-risk group
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83e. Potential health effects of chlorine dioxide
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84a. The effects of chronic administration of chlorite
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85a. Estimation of the total parasite biomass in acute
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86a. Current status and progresses made in malaria chemotherapy.
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87a. Toxoplasma gondii: the model apicomplexan.
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88a. Sequential inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum
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89a. Characterization of an omega-class glutathione-
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89c. The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism
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89d. The synthesis of parasitic cysteine protease
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89e. Glutathione inhibits the antischistosomal activity
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89f. Schistosoma mansoni: expression and role of cysteine
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89g. Mr 26,000 antigen of Schistosoma japonicum recognized
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89h. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses:
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89j. Phenotypic analysis of trypanothione synthetase
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89k. Gene knockdown of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
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89L. Polyamine and thiol metabolism in Trypanosoma
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89m. Inducible resistance to oxidant stress
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89p. In vivo effects of difluoromethylornithine
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